New State

The New State, also called Eutanist Hyspania, is the name of corporatist authoritarian political regime which was in force for 21 years in New Hyspania without interruption, though with alterations in form and content and in 1923 with the adoption of a Constitution by national referendum, until 1944 with the defeat and subsequent surrender of New Hyspania in the Second Endwar.

It is also called Eutanism, although the latter term can also be applied to the period in which Eutanasio Rodríguez ruled, that is, from his rise as "Head of Government of the Hyspanic State" by a coup given to the Monarchy in 1923 until his assasination in 1944.

1923 Coup
After the Hyspanic constitution of 1932 and, thanks to censorship and propaganda, Eutanasio was consolidated in power. In the first place, it was the government itself that censored the press that was not related to the regime. Second, the State Office for Propaganda (OEP) was created with the objective of coordinating government propaganda. Likewise, communism was harshly repressed by the "State Superintendence for Security” and the paramilitary group known as Hyspanic Legions who prevented some revolutionary attempts, such as the Communist Insurrection of 1935, from prospering. The centralization of state power and economic policy, together with a policy of import substitution, made possible the capture of resources for the advancement of industrialization in Hyspania, as well as for the creation of institutions that would allow this process. Among the institutions created are the Compañia Hyspana de Automotores and Samper C. A.

The New State
The New State (1923-1944) was an authoritarian regime, corporatist, conservative, traditionalist, colonialist, nationalist, third positionist, antiliberal thus unparliamentary, anti instituted under the direction of the Generalissimo Eutanasio Rodríguez and his Prime Minister Humberto Soares. The scheme was based on censorship, propaganda, youth organizations (Golden Youth) and paramilitary (Hyspanic Legion), in the cult leader and Catholic ideology.

The New State shows characteristics of state organization, essentially corporate and Fascist, but it is generally considered that the New State was not a conventional Fascist regime by the lack of a fascist movement autonomous masses and because Rodríguez and Olivera appreciated the catholic traditionalism and distrusted the modernist and pagan character of fascism. We can say that is a fascist regime, authoritarian regime with certain characteristics and corporate governance of fundamentalist and fascist tendencies.

The New State Characteristics
As other authoritarian regimes of the time, the New State had a slogan to briefly show their ideology and doctrine: "God, Fatherland and Labour."

The government authoritarianism; certainly the regime claimed to be limited by the law and Catholic morality; why the scheme is not defined as totalitarian fascist, but was supported by a dictatorship where the will of Eutanasio Rodríguez and Soares was the ultimate source of government decisions, and where political opposition was severely prohibited.

It was contrary to political liberalism, despite the existence of a National Assembly (with legislative functions) and a Corporate Chamber (with merely consultative functions) with restricted freedom of expression. However, the Chamber and the Assembly represented only the sectors that supported the regime, organized in the National Council for a New State (NCNS), single party founded by Soares in 1931 and support of the New State. Unanimity will be the keynote of these bodies are composed exclusively seen by supporters of the regime and supporters of the National Union.

In this regime, the government controlled the executive and legislative branches (can enact executive orders that will overwrite the laws passed by the National Assembly), while the powers of government are highly centralized and strengthened the hands of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Rodríguez) since it was he who decided its sole discretion the destiny of the nation. The Prime Minister is merely ceremonial functions, although it could formally choose and replace the members of the Cabinet among other duties and powers.

The cult of the leader, first Eutanasio Rodríguez, and then, Humberto Soares. During the New State, Rodríguez was depicted as a fatherly boss, calm, austere and hermit ways, "married to the nation." While Soares was not military but a political scholar, he could be displayed without the lavish and militaristic poses of his fellow boss; but Rodríguez did not promote a cult of personality around himself, allowed his subordinates mention him as the "Anointed One of God", "Savior of the Nation" or "Redeemer of the Nation".

A service of previous censorship of journalistic publications, radio and television, domestic and foreign, by banning all criticism of the doctrine and ideology of the New State and defending "Morality and Good Manners". The system is based on political propaganda (founding the Secretariat of National Propaganda, the SNP) to spread the "moral" doctrine and the ideology defended by the New State.

It is also supported by the youth organizations (Loyal Youth was the most famous) to impose among youth ideology defended by the regime: to obey and respect the "Leader", insisting on the absolute loyalty to the New State.

A repressive political police known as the State Service for Security (SSS), omnipresent and of great sensing power, which suppresses according to selection criteria, never taking responsibility for mass crimes. Although not resort to massive attacks and collective murders, the SSS spreading terror, fear and silence in society, while opponents were interrogated, tortured and taken to prisons far from big cities and eventually to concentration camps for forced labor.

In addition to the SSS, the scheme provides paramilitary organizations (Hyspanic Legion) to protect the system of opposing ideologies, especially communism.

A speech and anti-comunism policy. Both domestically and externally, leading the regime to fight communism.

Education
The education system was controlled (a nationalistic and ideological education) and centered on the exaltation of national values (the historical past, the great Hyspanic Colonial Empire, religion, tradition, customs, etc.), teaching and dissemination state ideology to the young; the regime distrusted especially of people with different political currents but also equipped with a high educational level.

Economy
Within one year, armed with special powers, Rodriguez balanced the budget and stabilized Hyspania's currency. Restoring order to the national accounts, enforcing austerity and red-penciling waste, The New State produced the first of many budgetary surpluses, an unparalleled novelty in Hyspania. Between 1932 and 1945, the duration of the New State Regime, Eutanasio gave continuity to the formation of structure and professionalism in the State. He oriented the state to intervene in the economy, promoting economic nationalism.

The movement towards a "New State" was significant, in that along with the dismissal of the Imperial Court and its political parties, he wanted to recognize the indigenous population. He gained great favor in their eyes, and was called the "Father of the Poor". Besides gaining popularity with them, he provided them with tools to assist them in the improvement of their agrarian lifestyles. He felt this was important to establish a unified society. The intention was to form a strong impulse toward industrialization.

In this period, a number of industrial bodies were created:

The "Consejo Estatal de Petroleos" (CEP) (State Oil Advisor)

The "Departamento Administrativo para Obras Publicas" (DAOP) (The Administration Department of Public Service)

The "Compañia Siderúrgica Estatal" (CSE) (State Iron Smelting Company)

The "Compañia Rio Vasconcelos" (Rio Vasconcelos Company)

The "Compañia Hidro-Electrica Los Monteros" (Los Monteros Hydroelectric Company)

The "Fábrica Estatal de Motores y Vehiculos" (FEMV) (National Motor Plant)

The New State had a powerful effect on Hyspanic architecture, because it provided sufficient authority to implement Urban Planning on a large scale in Hyspania. Although sufficient wealth was not available to complete the plans, they had a powerful, lasting effect on the cities and their organization.

Armed Forces
During the first year of peace, Rodriguez increased the size of the Hyspanic Army—from almost 250,000 to 750,000 in early 1939, with most soldiers being Professional Troop. Aware about the international situation, Hyspania's possible entry into Endwar and threats of invasion led him to do such additions as well as a whole process of military modernization. In August 1940, Eutanasio ordered a partial mobilization, bringing the army to over 820,000 men. The Air Force and Navy also grew in numbers and in budgets to 45,500 airmen and 40,000 sailors by 1941; although for fiscal reasons Rodriguez had to restrain attempts by both services to undertake dramatic expansions. The army kept a force of about 550,000 men until the end of the Second World War.