User:Rekiin

Yamataian invasions of Chisei (1571 - 1591)

Consul, former current Ordic cartographer and resident pronoun goblin. Also drawer of pretty pictures.

My nations in MT are Chisei, Redon and Tshaka. I have a significant hand in Shojin, Masuka, East and West Kuiju, Arshavat, Kyrossia and many other projects. In Spordis I am the Hierarchy, a nation of xenophilic communist space lizards, and in the FanT canon I run the Stoport Concordat, an alliance of Orcish merchant cities.

The Big 3
The Big 3 are Chisei's big multinational publishers, and also among the world's major console manufacturers.
 * Kanayachi Interactive Entertainment
 * KaDen 1 - 8 bit graphics, akin to NES/famicom
 * KaDen 2 - SNES Equivalent
 * KaDen 3 - PS1
 * KaDen 4 - PS2
 * KaDen 5 - PS3, much like its equivalent it has a lot of teething issues and the Yumebako + the Yams come out on top in the console wars
 * KaDen 6 - Current gen/ps4 equivalent
 * KaDen 7 - how could you play it when kaDen has no games??????????
 * AruDen - Kanayachi's answer to the first Asokoro; though ultimately outsold by the AsoNeo, its decently successful and gets a devoted fanbase over its lifetime, but ultimately gets mostly ignored in favour of the home consoles.


 * Satsu Digital Entertainment
 * Asomono - Rival to the KaDen 2
 * Super Asomono - Satsu's next-gen followup to the KaDen 2 - it has lots of cool experimental tech but ultimately flops
 * Satsu 02 - not!N64, one of the first consoles to go all in pioneering 3D, spurring development of the KaDen 4
 * Satsu 05 - followup to the 02, further refines tech but is overshadowed by KaDen 4s success, and later the Yumebako 2
 * Asokoro - PSP-like handheld. Immediately a smash hit, which establishes Satsu's new niche in the handheld market.
 * Satsu 10 - Another attempt by Satsu to challenge the KaDen in the home console market, introducing motion controls. It sells well with families but doesnt reach wii heights and suffers from little third party support - its ultimately eclipsed by [some Yam challenger in that gen] and the Yumebako 3
 * Asokoro Neo - Commonly known as the AsoNeo - Followup to the Asokoro, featuring a folding screen and touchscreen. Best seller which eclipses the Asokoro.
 * Asokoro 3D - Asokoro with a 3D gimmick :^)
 * Satsu Go - Current-gen Satsu handheld, with optional TV docking :^)))


 * Mondai Digital
 * Yumebako 1 - Rival to the KaDen 3 and the Satsu 02, slightly niche but pioneers online functionality
 * Yumebako 2 - Rivals KaDen 4 and the Satsu 05; as online play and tech grows in importance the Yumebako 2 sells pretty well, rivalling the KaDen
 * Yumebako 3 - One of the most successful consoles of the 5th gen, alongside [something yam], outselling the KaDen for the first time. Refines the online functionality and community systems of the YB2
 * Yumebako Kai - move towards being a general media hub for stuff like streaming, tv and music as well as games. Plus big emphasis on streaming games themselves, gamepass/PS Now style

Franchises

 * Tetsu no Hana - hoi4 x nobunagas ambition (its a 2evw strategy game, but turnbased and with some focus on managing characters and politics like in nobunagas ambition)
 * Teichū Sensō Gyakusetsu - mobage about moeified historical figures from the 2evw

Main unit hierarchy

 * Route Army 路軍 Rugun (Equivalent to Army Group, not used since 1960)
 * Combined Army 集軍 Jūgun (equivalent to Army)
 * Army 軍 Gun (equivalent to Corps)
 * Division 師隊 Shitai
 * Brigade 旅隊 Rotai
 * Battalion 營隊 Yōtai
 * Company 連隊 Rentai
 * Platoon 排隊 Batai
 * Section 班隊 Hantai
 * Squad 組隊 Shotai
 * Fireteam 部隊 Butai

Yōtai are grouped into administrative Hatagumi based on history/function.

Adhoc units
Since 1991 army reform, expeditionary missions have been carried out by more flexible adhoc formations drawn from permanent regular army brigades and divisions. The two major developments from this have been the General Brigade-Army, used for large-scale longer-term deployments (e.g in Chanha or Dai Hoa), and the Combined-Arms Battalion Group, intended for short-term rapid-response operations.
 * General Brigade-Army 総旅軍 Sorogun (An independent expeditionary brigade-to-division sized force, for large-scale overseas deployments. Comparable to a BCT.) Commanded by a Lieutenant-General or Brigadier
 * Combined-Arms Battalion Group 諸兵科營隊 Shoheikwa Yōtai (A light battlegroup, intended for rapid foreign intervention missions. Modelled on French GTIA) Commanded by a Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel
 * Combined-Arms Company Group 諸兵科連隊 Shoheikwa Rentai (Building blocks of the battalion group) Generally commanded by a Commandant or Captain

The primary distinction between GBAs and CABGs is their building blocks; GBAs are built from regular battalions and are essentially slightly modular brigades with more organic support assets, while CABGs are fully task-organised from individual companies and platoons as required. Groups of CABGs may be formed into temporary brigades that may resemble GBAs in terms of more extensive support and headquarters elements if required for their mission. in Masuka the three deployed CABGs were placed under an adhoc Special Brigade Group (特別旅團 Tokubetsu Rodan), which was placed under YOCHIBU command as part of the occupation/counter-insurgency effort.

Administrative units

 * Banner 旗組 Hatagumi - A family of units which share common history, traditions and are tied to a geographical area, organisation or other common origin. Soldiers choose which Banner they wish to identify with, based on their specialisation. Historically some banners were selective, only allowing recruits of particular nationalities or religious backgrounds - this is no longer the case officially, but many banners still maintain identities along these lines. The commanding officer of a banner is called a Hatamoto (旗本); they are always a General-rank officer who has previously served under the Banner.

Officer ranks
Marshals (帥 Suwi)
 * 大元帥 Tai Gonsuwi - Grand Marshal (Ceremonial Rank)
 * 元帥 Gonsuwi - Marshal (Commanders of Military Branches until 1949, no longer used)

Generals (將 Shō)
 * Grand General 大將 Taishō (Commands a route army; since 1949 used for heads of branch)
 * High General 上將 Jōshō (Commands a combined army)
 * General 中將 Chūshō (Commands an army, or rarely division)
 * Lieutenant-General 少将 (Commands a division) Shōshō

Field Officers (校 Kyō)
 * Brigadier 大校 (Commands a brigade) Taikyō
 * Colonel 上校 (Brigade or Battalion) Jōkyō
 * Lieutenant-Colonel 中校 (Battalion) Chūkyō
 * Commandant 少校 (Battalion) Shōkyō

Captains (尉 Wi)
 * Captain 上尉 (Company) Jōwi
 * Lieutenant 中尉 (Platoon) Chūwi
 * Second Lieutenant 少尉 (Platoon) Shōwi

Lower Officers
 * Officer Aspirant 士官志願者 Jikan Shigonsha (Officers fresh out of the academy, placed in junior staff roles or certain platoon commands. Rank below a WO.)
 * Cadet 学員 Gakuwen

Warrant Officers

 * WO4 大准尉 Taishunwi
 * WO3 上准尉 Jōshunwi
 * WO2 中准尉 Chūshunwi
 * WO1 少准尉 Shōshunwi

NCOs

 * Master Sergeant First Class 一級軍士長 Ichikō Gunjichō
 * Master Sergeant Second Class 二級軍士長 Nikō Gunjichō
 * Master Sergeant Third Class 三級軍士長 Sankō Gunjichō
 * Master Sergeant Fourth Class 四級軍士長 Shikō Gunjichō
 * Senior Sergeant 上士 Jōji
 * Sergeant 中士 Chūji
 * Corporal 少士 Shōji

Enlisted

 * Private First Class 上兵 Jōhyō
 * Private Second Class 中兵 Chūhyō
 * Private 少兵 Shōhyō

Prehistoric to classical history
In 1993 ancient hominid remains originating from about 100,000 BCE were found in lava at a paleolithic site near Goyado, along with a number of stone tools and crafted items. The earliest anatomically modern human inhabitants of Chisei likely arrived sometime around 37,000 BC, and rapidly spread throughout continental Chisei, southern Asaji and the Yashiman archipelago. Around 15,000 BCE, another group known as the Kujin, characterised by a more sedentary lifestyle began to migrate into Chisei from the east. They are thought to have given root to the Eastern Washu culture in Hinomoto, as well as the Kanazawa culture in northern Geusyo. Rudimentary agriculture was introduced to southern Chisei by 5,500 BCE, and had spread to Asaji by 2,000 BCE. Archaeological evidence demonstrates that complex agricultural societies and the earliest forms of social-political complexity emerged during the Shichimon Pottery Period (1500 - 300 BCE). Prior to the Yashiman migrations, Chisei was home to a large number of indigenous tribes - some settled, others nomadic - which Yashimic settlers termed Yezo (蝦夷). The largest included the Weyo, the Ashiaka, the Hayato and the Usumono. Based on records of tributes to the Hua court between 193 and 337 CE, it is believed at least some of the Yezo shared common customs and language, which may have been ancestral to the modern Asachi languages. The Hinoan conquest, beginning in 411 CE, and the subsequent 200 years of rule over western Shirakawa, saw a massive influx of Yashiman settlers, reducing the Yezo area mainly to what was to become Geusyo, Asachi, eastern Kitahashi, and until the later stages of Yashiman settlement, Huresir (eastern Shirakawa and parts of Uraan). Siddhism was introduced to Chisei in 498 from Moudak (武德), and monastic communities would soon carve out an important place in the politics of Chiseian courts.

Most of the regions settled by Yashiman-speakers would be unified under the San dynasty in the 8th century, beginning the Shirakawan Dynastic Period. The San state expanded its borders, conquering the Yezo kingdoms to the south and expanding the Yashiman sphere to Geusyo. In the north, the remnants of the Yezo mostly remained as many disorganized statelets and tribes until the 11th century, when they were integrated into the rising Kingdom of Asachi, and the San state. In 1201 the Asachinese under Ateruy II conquered and overthrew the San, establishing the shortlived Kingdom of Chisei, until Ateruy's death lead to the fracturing of their empire in 1216. While Asachi fragmented entirely, beginning the Seven Lords Period, the Katō War in Shirakawa saw the new Gejō dynasty triumph over Asachinese princes and the remnants of the San in the Kingdom of Geusyo.

With few opponents, the Gejō unified a realm from the Sea of Yashima to the Hisui Strait. An invasion by the Kikyō Shogunate of Hinomoto and their Geusyoan allies was repelled, securing Shirakawan control over the Usu islands and Toshima. Subsequent Gejō monarchs completed the conquest of Kitahashi and made repeated attempts to conquer Asachi, though they were unsuccessful beyond the establishment of small trading outposts. Domestically, the Gejō fully embraced cultural influence from the Huaxian sphere, introducing a new system of bureaucracy, a legal code, and standardised taxation. Confucianism and taoist ideas spread among the literate elite, and new schools of Siddhism were introduced.

Medieval Period
The 1290 eruption of Mt. Tenzan in Yamatai resulted in widespread climate change across the Escaric mainland, and Chisei in particular was heavily affected, as harvests failed repeatedly for several years. Widespread famine and the resulting unrest and rebellions, alongside the arrival of the deadly White Plague in 1300, resulted in a sharp societal decline and the onset of civil war. A further challenge to the Shirakawan and Asachinese states was the mass migrations of nomads caused by the conquests of the Grand Ejenate beginning in 1291. Chiseian Tsahars first settled in the Uraani valley during this era, establishing small khanates and satrapies between Shirakawa and the Ejenate's western frontier.

In 1312 the Ejenate invaded Shirakawa, conquering the last independent holdouts of the Gejō dynasty by 1323. Karaqan, the third son of Grand Ejen Ahūnag, was appointed as the governor of the region. He oversaw the consolidation of the western Ahūnagid conquests, leading the invasion of Geusyo in 1336, the failed invasions of Hinomoto in 1340 and Asachi in 1346, and brutally crushing the Shinzan rebellion of 1345. Karaqanid Chisei became independent in 1350, after the division of the Grand Ejenate between the Ejen's sons, and in 1349 the Kangon Dynasty was founded in Bürgedbalik. Though enerally adopting the culture and customs of their Shirakawan subjects, the Kangon also innovated in many ways, centralising the court bureaucracy and even forming an early standing military, known as the Red Standard Army.

The Kangon reoccupied the briefly independent Kingdom of Geusyo in 1360, sparking a war with the Tong Dynasty of Chanha, which had guaranteed the protection of the fledging state. The Tong were soundly defeated, though the Tong-Kangon rivalry would persist with frequent border skirmishes and raids across the frontier.

By the 1390s, the Kangon frontiers reached as far as central Kuiju, with inroads also being made into Huaxia and even Asachi. With this new period of prosperity, trade and commerce once again flourished and major social realignments took place, filling the vacuum left by the conquests, succession wars and plague of the decades past. More laborers moved to the cities as the population grew and financial institutions grew highly developed. This era has been described by some modern historians as a precursor to an industrial revolution, comparable to similar developments in the late 17th and 18th centuries - and production certainly increased. Most cities had sophisticated workshops producing a range of specialty goods, supported by complex supply chains and domestic trade networks. The Kyofu court was also a major sponsor of poets, artists and explorers for both prestige and profit; the Gomanriki (Chronicle of Fifty Thousand ) is a famous Chiseian literary classic authored during the period, recounting the travels of court poet, ambassador and monk Gyoshē through Amphia and Central Escar, on the orders of the Grand King.

In 1431, Geusyoan noble Toku Masakado launched a rebellion against the Kangon, with support from the Tong, and founded the Geusyo Republic. The loss of Geusyo further shook the dynasty, both due to the loss of the Kingdom's major breadbasket and the disastrous expeditions to reclaim the territory, which bankrupted the court and forced the debasing of the currency and heavy taxes. This in turn led to rebellions in the provinces, especially in the far eastern commanderies, where the court failed to pay its Uraani governors. Much of the urban proto-industry collapsed as a result, which also created major problems of vagrancy and banditry in the countryside. Natural disasters, such as the 1440 Chōwa event and the Great Eito Fire, also shook the foundations of the dynasty. In 1493, the Karaqanids would finally be overthrown by the native Kōhō Dynasty, with the remnants of the royal family forming a shortlived rump state in Aso.

The Kōhō did not rebuild most of the Kangon economic institutions, and actively reversed many of their reforms, decentralising taxation and the army to appease regional rebels and stabilise the country. A 1500 treaty with the Tong acknowledged Huaxian supremacy, and guaranteed the independence of Geusyo. There was also a reduction in the overseas trade and exploration that had begun under the Kangon, resulting in the emergence of the Asachinese Kingdom of Saramosir as the dominant naval and colonial power in Chisei. Saramosiri sailors surveyed and colonised territories in Valeya, southern Escar and Osova, and established trading outposts as far as Amphia. Nevertheless, the conservative policies of the Kōhō did end the crisis that had gripped Shirakawa since the 1430s, and restored some measure of stability. In the 1520s, the court even once again began sponsoring navigators and merchant enterprises as Saramosiri prosperity became apparent. The two powers would eventually come to blows, as they competed for colonial resources with eachother and other Escaric powers. The 8 Year War (1531 to 1539) between the Kōhō dynasty and Saramosir arose out of disputes caused by contradictory treaties with natives in northeastern Valeya.

The growing power of merchants and scholar gentry over the Kōhō began to cause unrest among the Shirakawan landed nobility from the 1540s, especially as the 8 Year War had accelerated this process with the destruction of many military houses in the fighting. Yet more controversial was the Kōhō court's eventual patronage of new Siddhist sects, introduced to Chisei through trade with southern and central Escar, which challenged the dominance of the traditional monastic hierarchies that had formed the Kōhō's base of support in the war against the Kangon. These tensions erupted into the Jinshin War in 1565, a large scale civil war that toppled the Kōhō and would also involve several neighboring states such as Geusyo, Saramosir, the Uraani Khanate and, eventually, Hinomoto.

Unification
In 1571 the Hinoan Taikunate invaded mainland Chisei, forming the Yashiman Empire stretching from Yamatai to eastern Shirakawa and Geusyo. However the state would be shortlived, as a series of bloody wars with the Uraani Khanate ground down the Hino-Yamataian armies, eventually halting the Taikunate's eastern expansion. The Hino-Saramosiri War of 1590-91 saw the Hinoans expelled from Shirakawa, and the Later Gejō Dynasty installed in Eito by Saramosir.

Corporate terms

 * 座 Za - A company. A 株座 Kabuza is a company which issues stock (most for-profit companies), while a 非楽座 Hikabuza (most non-profits) does not. A 楽座 Rakuza is a traditional cooperative, today mainly present in arts & crafts.
 * 匿名株座 Nyokumyō Kabuza (Nyokwe) - A Corporation, equivalent to a Kabushiki Kaisha (name is a calque of Société Anonyme, like how K.K is a calque of Aktiengesellschaft)
 * 有限株座 Yūgen Kabuza (Yūkwe) - A Limited Liability Company, equivalent to GMbH
 * 混合經済株座 Kongō Kyōzai Kabuza (Kokyō) - lit. Mixed Economy Company - Used for certain state owned companies (introduced after the 80s)
 * 家 Iwo/Cise - lit. House, but it is a common word for corporate groups/conglomerates (i.e Chiotanne-iwo - the Chiotanne Group)
 * 閥 Bochi - lit. Clique, Influential Group. Used in some words like Kokubochi (國閥, ) and as a word for particularly powerful companies.

Branches

 * Ground Force
 * Naval Force
 * Air & Space Force
 * Internal Service

Numbers

 * 2,385,201 active
 * 6,578,961 active

Ideas for modern organisation (Chisei)

 * 3 Corps of 3-4 Divisions Each (mostly administrative) - 1 in Kuiju, 1 in Chanha, 1 in Chisei
 * Each division contains 3 brigades
 * Each brigade contains 3-4 combined arms regiments (large battalions, 1,250 to 1,800 at full strength) and other supporting units
 * Divisions and brigades are not permanently constituted, and organisation differs between peacetime and deployed configurations
 * Wide frontages for brigades, with uncovered flanks if necessary, and seeking to outflank the enemy rather than engage frontally. Units are very armour heavy and in general doctrine is not interested in holding ground, or in engagements within urban/rough terrain, as attrition-based battles are seen to favour Arshavati artillery.
 * Bunch of independent air assault and airborne brigades for vertical envelopment.

List of ships

 * 28 battleships (20 lost)
 * 4 Cupmosir-class / Courbets (3 lost, last one scuttled and scrapped)
 * 6 Sai-class / Bretagnes (3 lost in combat, 2 damaged and confined to port then scrapped in 1942, 1 disappears in the Crosswind)
 * 4 Kōhō-class / Lyons (laid down in 1916, commissioned 1929, modernised in 1934, first two lost in 1937-38 and last two in 1940)
 * 6 Kangon-class / Dunkerques (laid down in 1930-32, commissioned 1935-37, 4 lost)
 * 4 Geusyo-class / Richelieus (laid down in 1934, 2 are completed in Imoshima in 1940, while 2 in Chisei only get finished in 1943. Both Imoshima ships destroyed during the Hinomoto invasion, the rest survive to postwar)
 * 4 Saramosir-class / Alsaces (laid down in 1933, first 4 commissioned 1938-39, 2 more hulls laid down but scrapped in 1943, 1 is damaged but is repaired postwar)
 * 91 carriers (30 lost)
 * Light Carriers (17)
 * 2 Hōshōs (laid down 1920, commissioned 1922, used in the crosswind, relegated to training ship status after 1941, only lightly damaged by aircraft)
 * 2 Commandant Teste (laid down 1927, commissioned 1932. Used as seaplane tenders until being damaged in 1939, then converted to proper carriers in 1942, both were irreparibly damaged and scuttled during Hinomoto campaign)
 * 5 Béarns (laid down 1913, commissioned 1926, used in the crosswind, 1 is destroyed in 1937, 2 in 1939 and 1 in 1941. The last ship is damaged and confined to port. Served as a training ship postwar.)
 * 8 Joffres (designed to keep up with the fast battleships and cruisers, laid down in 1934-35, first commissioned in 1937, 4 in 1938, last three in 1942. 1 is destroyed in 1938, 3 in the Hinomoto campaign)
 * Fleet Carriers (13)
 * 3 Akagis (laid down 1920, commissioned 1927, one is destroyed in 1942)
 * 2 Kagas (laid down 1920, commissioned 1928, both are destroyed in 1942)
 * 8 Unryūs (laid down 1938, heavily inspired by Yamataian Soryūs, 8 commissioned during the war from 1942-1944, with 8 finished postwar, 2 are damaged during Hinomoto campaign but repaired)
 * Escort carriers (61)
 * 1 Yupe / Shin'yō (converted from Zusian ocean liner in Osova, converted in 1940) Destroyed in port by bombers.
 * 1 Erekus / Converted based on SS France. Destroyed in port by bombers.
 * 26 Kinapo-class / purpose-built ECs from Osova-Imoshima docks; commissioned 1941 - 45, carrying 27 aircraft. 8 lost.
 * 18 Tannup-class / purpose-built ECs from Chiseian docks; commissioned 1942 - 45, carrying 25 aircraft. 5 lost.
 * 15 Tokikar-class / Merchant Aircraft Carriers (cargo ships with flightdecks and no hangars, carrying like a dozen planes) 2 lost.
 * 55 cruisers
 * 23 Heavy Cruisers
 * 32 Light Cruisers
 * 351 destroyers (108 at outbreak of the war)
 * 308 submarines (106 lost)
 * 28 Etaspe-class / Requins (in service from 1926, already somewhat obsolete by 1937)
 * 12 Rakko-class / Saphirs (minelayers, in service from 1930)
 * 48 Ryūjin-class / 600/630 series (entered service from 1928 to 1936, built to conform to Mikawa Conventions)
 * 94 Kwaryū-class / Redoutables (built between 1924 and 1937, the most common Chiseian sub. Modernised from 1940)
 * 11 Kokuryū-class / Surcoufs (In service from 1934, 3 lost or damaged before the war, 6 lost during the war, the remainder retired in 1944)
 * 41 Shōryū-class / Minerves (Introduced from 1936. 10 were in service at the outset of the war, with last ones finished by 1942.)
 * 74 Byakuryū-class / Aurores (In service from 1938, overtakes the Minerve in production from 1940; proportionally the most successful Chiseian sub by tonnage sunk)

Chisei clothing notes

 * Western Kitahashi - Similar to modern kimono, with shorter and broader sleeves. Usually worn with a square-collared jacket over the top and hakama or another long robe underneath.
 * Eastern Kitahashi - A underrobe (usually white) over hakama, with a patterned robe or long jacket over the top, which might be worn around the waist, crossed over from the shoulders or open kaftan style.
 * Western Shirakawa - A long cross-collared robe worn over hakama, with fairly narrow sleeves but wide shoulders, often worn with a round-collared sleeveless undercoat.
 * Central Shirakawa - Hakama (southwest) or a long skirt (northeast) as the lower garment, which sits over the upper garment, a shortcut robe. Sometimes a sleeveless jacket worn on top.
 * Northern Shirakawa/Notenaymosir - Something similar to or deel. One-piece robe that is crossed over and fastened with belt, or sometimes with fasteners at the chest and under the armpit. Sleeves are narrow.
 * Geusyo - One-piece cross-collared robes, usually worn with hakama, an heavily embroidered.
 * Southern Saramosir - Mid-length one piece robe that is crossed over and fastened by a belt or sash, often worn with a patterned jacket or shoulder scarf.
 * Saramosiri islands - A long patterned robe, worn open over a (usually short) underrobe of contrasting colour.
 * Northern Saramosir - One piece robe, worn over loose trousers that are tucked into boots or fastened at the calf. Robes are usually single colour, with patterns and decoration confined to trims and interiors.
 * Uraan - mongols lol

Kazahara dynasty

 * 1430 - Kazahara secure their rule.
 * 1545 - Jinshin War & succession crisis
 * 1563 - Sack of Eito
 * 1571 - Yamataian invasion
 * 1574 - End of the Kazahara dynasty
 * Yamataian wars with Uraan
 * Yamatai builds some stuff
 * Some skirmishing with Saramosir
 * 1590 - Collapse of Yamataian rule, Takeshima establishes the Regency

Regency, restoration & unification

 * 1594 - Founding of the Shun dynasty
 * 1590s-1640s - Beginnings of Chiseian colonial adventures in Valeya and Osova
 * 1644 - Taijin restoration
 * 1661 - Shirakawa-Saramosir
 * 1674 - Treaty of Sumura

Chiseian autocracy

 * early 1700s - Rapid expansion of the Chiseian empire
 * 1760s - Beginnings of the industrial revolution
 * 1780s/90s - Height of the Royal Autocracy
 * 1802 - Taihei Revolution, beginning of the Civil War

Late imperial period
synthesise synthesise synthesise
 * 1825 - Grand Law, beginning of the Koushin Democracy
 * 1851 - End of the Koushin democracy
 * 1862 - 71 - Second Northern War

List of sandboxes
 * User:Rekiin/SHIRAKAWA
 * User:Rekiin/SARAMOSIR
 * User:Rekiin/GEUSYO
 * User:Rekiin/KITAHASHI

Dynasties
Dynastic names (國號 Kokkō, "Name of the state")
 * 讚 San state (534 - 658) The first mainland Yashiman kingdom
 * 珍 Chin state (673 - 711) Following the war between Hinomoto and Ezo, a Hinoan general named Chin seizes the Ezo throne, founding the first Shirakawan dynasty and conquering a bunch of shit
 * 濟 Sai dynasty (771 - 1093)
 * 夏上 Gejō dynasty (1093 - 1312) The first dynasty that actually unifies modern Shirakawa more or less - earlier states just succeeded eachother in the heartland ten-kingdoms style
 * 大乾元 Kangon dynasty "dà zāi Qián Yuán" (大哉乾元; "Great is the Heavenly and Primal")
 * 康保 Kōhō dynasty
 * 後夏上 Go-Gejō (Later Gejō dynasty) (1594 - 1644)
 * 大明春 Myōshun dynasty (1644 - 1825; from Saramosiri unification to adoption of the name 'Chisei')

Naming schemes

 * uksin sejen = US ('armor car' - tanks/combat armour)
 * miyoocan yodamba = MY ('gun carrier' - self propelled guns)
 * uksin wambisi = UW ("armor killer", tank destroyer)
 * suwelembi sejen = SS ('reconnaissance car', armoured car)
 * yodambi sejen = YS (transport vehicles)


 * osohon = small, light (OUS - light tank)
 * dulimbai = middle, medium (DUS - medium tank)
 * amba = great, heavy (AUS - heavy)
 * hacin = type/mark

Armoured vehicles are numbered in the Kuijuan Calendar (from 1594).

A Medium tank which enters service in 1937 is called DUS h.343 (Dulimbai Uksin Sejen Hacin 343)


 * Suwelembi Deyetu - Recon Aircraft (SD)
 * Hongza Deyetu - Bomber Aircraft (HD)
 * Janji Deyetu - Fighter Aircraft (JD)
 * Yodami Deyetu - Transport Aircraft (YD)

Aircraft are usually numbered by regnal year rather than calendar year - e.g JD h.5 Nioron ("Nioron" ('rainbow') Fighter, produced 1937)

Tanks

 * (Early imports from Chisei/Yamatai)
 * Tančík vz. 33 = OUS h. 338 (1933) Tankette
 * LT vz. 34 - OUS h. 339 (1933) Light Tank
 * LT vz. 35 - OUS h. 340 (1934) Light Tank
 * Š-I-d - OUS h. 342 (1936) Tankette with a 37mm gun. Not actually adopted but gets developed into a mini tank destroyer.
 * Libenska-ČKD F-IV-H - MUS h. 342 (1936) Amphibious tank, it sucks and most of them get used up in the Kuye invasion
 * LT vz. 38 - OUS h. 343 (1937) Light Tank, the 38(t) we know 'n love.
 * OUS h. 346 (1940) Upgrade with 47 mm gun
 * T-21 - DUS h. 342 (1936) Armed with a 47mm, similar to T-21 prototype.
 * DUS h. 344 (1938) Increased armour and other improvements. Basically Turan I.
 * AUS h. 347 (1941) Designated a 'heavy tank', though still essentially a medium. Armed with a 75mm gun.
 * Škoda T-25 - DUS h. 349 (1943) Kuijuan panther, actually really good but overcomplicated and not enough get made
 * Vz. 44-1 - AUS h. 348 (1943) Heavy tank, only a handful ever produced

Armoured Cars

 * OA vz. 27 = SS h. 332 (1927)
 * OA vz. 30 = SS h. 335 (1930)

Tank Destroyer/Assault Gun

 * Š-I-j - UW h. 342 (1938) - 47-mm armed tankette, later redesignated a tank destroyer. Served in the opening of the war but quickly retired.
 * Marder III - UW h. 343 (1939) - Tank destroyer based on OUS h. 343 chassis, with captured Arshavati and domestic 75 - 76 mm guns.
 * Hetzer - UW h. 348 (1942) - Armed with a 75 mm, Kuiju's main TD in the rest of the war. Developed into an assault gun and flame variant. Postwar used by West Kuiju, with the improved 75mm from the DUS h. 349.
 * 43M Zrínyi - MY h. 349 (1943) - Assault gun based on the OUS h. 343 chassis. AT version (UW h. 348) with a long 75mm, while the MY had a 105 mm howitzer.
 * UW h. 350 (1944) - TD variant of the DUS h. 349. Like 20 get produced.

Fighters

 * Avia B-534 - JD h. 3 (1933) Biplane fighter. Widely produced and remained in service throughout the war, though it quickly became obsolete.
 * Aero A.102 - JD h. 5 (1935) Gull-winged monoplane, intended to become the next mainline Kuijuan fighter to replace the biplanes, but internal politics resulted in it being cancelled with only a few dozen produced.
 * Avia B.35 - JD h. 7 (1937) Monoplane introduced as a replacement for the h. 3. Plagued by engine troubles, which carried over into the h. 9

Bombers

 * Some ancient Chiseian/Zusian imports
 * Aero A.100 - SD h. 2 (1932) Light biplane bomber/reconaissance aircraft. Used throughout the war and even shortly postwar for night bombing.
 * Aero A.304 - HD h. 5 (1935) First indigenous Kuijuan bomber, originally an airliner.
 * Aero A.300 - HD h. 6 (1937) Light bomber, developed from the h. 5.

Kokui
A Kokui or Kokuwi (国位, "National Rank" or "National Degree") is an elite or  in Chisei, accredited by the Kōshīn (Examination Commission). There are six major tiers (階 kai) of kokui degrees, corresponding to the six tiers of the Sennin Wisei system of appointments.

The possession of a kokui of a particular level is a basic requirement for all major appointments in the Chiseian Civil Service and the Government of Chisei. They are also required to stand for election in all municipal, state and national assemblies. However not all successful graduates necessarily enter government employment; the prestige of the degrees are also attractive to many private companies. Some 65% of Chiseian are kokui degree holders, and kokui are also often accepted as alternatives to equivalent civilian degrees in some industries, such as in law.

Kokui vary in their subject matter, length, required qualifications and degree of specialisation, with some being heavily tailored towards particular professions, such as the Third Tier National Legal Practice Course, while othge

Kokui are primarily associated with the Kyūgakkō (宮学校, "Palace Academies"), state-owned academies dedicated to government-related programs, and all senior degrees (state level and above) are indeed only issued by these schools. However, since the 1990s, many machigakkō (state-owned civilian universities) and private universities have also been licensed by the Kōshīn to run kokui programs at lower levels.

All kokui programs regardless of awarding institution are legally required to have free tuition for all under a particular income bracket. Admission for study is nonetheless highly competitive and dependent on prior qualifications as well as success in the national Kwako examination.

Kuiju history
Putting this here for now

The territory of modern-day Kuiju has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xi, the Hayato, the Khatai, the Aqsart, and others. In 1292 the Sushen chieftain Ahūnag founded the Grand Ejenate, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history. The empire collapsed after his death in 1347, though Ahunagid nobles and vassal clans would go on to rule in several successor states across Escar, including the Chiseian Kangon dynasty and the Huaxian Tong dynasty. After the collapse of the Ejenate, the Sushen returned to Kuiju and continued their previous division and warring with neighboring tribes.

In the late 15th century, the Kingdom of Saramosir began to encourage the Sushen states to reunite, seeking to form a strong buffer against the Tong and the Gorkani Sultanate that would protect its trading interests in the Jade Sea. The Ejenate of Juruhoton completed the unification of northern Kuiju by 1495, and with Saramosiri aid would drive the Tong out of the Kuijuan highlands. After a failed invasion of Chisei, the Ejenate was overthrown and reformed as the Kingdom of Kuiju, with the Sushen tribes becoming the Kuijuan people. The new Kingdom adopted many reforms, and became increasingly Hua-influenced as it became a strong ally of the Tong dynasty.

By the mid-18th century Kuiju had come to dominate Central Escar, successfully driving the Gorkanis beyond the old borders of the Ejenate, and even making inroads into Chisei oncemore. Internally however, the state was sharply divided between a settled, gradually industrialising north and a nomadic south. From 1775 Kuiju began to implement the policy of Emu Uksura Emu Gurun or "One People One Land", which forced inland nomads to adopt sedentary agricultural lifestyles, adopt North Kuijuan dress and language, and move into cities. These attempts at cultural assimilation, and the social effects of industrialisation, ultimately brought about the Kuijuan Revolution in 1808, which briefly toppled the monarchy and established the First Kuijuan Republic. However this democratic experiment would be shortlived, as the Great Tsahar Rebellion spread to Kuiju from Chisei. The Tsahars conquered the republic in 1811 and established the Harluut Khaganate. Later, in 1822, Chisei invaded the Khaganate to assert control over Uraan, and after toppling the Tsahars, restored the Kuijuan Kingdom as a Chiseian client state and buffer against the rapidly expanding Empire of Yavnakhand.

With assistance from Yavnakhand, Kuiju reclaimed its independence from Chisei in the Great Eastern War from 1866 to 1873. However in 1890, the overextended Yavnakhand was rocked by the February Revolution, which established the collectivist state of Arshavat. Kuiju intervened, backing the restorationist forces in the Arshavati Civil War. The war, which dragged on until 1910, was a humiliating military defeat, and Kuiju was forced to give up the region of Harij to Arshavat. The defeat provoked a massive wave of nationalist and sentiment in Kuiju, and the Kingdom found itself increasingly isolated on the continent, with hostile neighbours to the east and west.

Jirhalang, a reactionary and nationalist, was appointed as the Grand Secretary of Kuiju in 1924, and pushed for closer relations with Imperial Yamatai, which had just emerged victorious against Chisei in the First Escar-Varunan War. Under Jirhalang, Kuiju adopted increasingly militaristic, racialist and policies known as Wesihun Ulden or "Great Dawn". Critical industries were nationalised or placed under the control of state cronies, universal conscription was implemented, and the policy of Emu Uksura Emu Gurun was revived and intensified, with minorities that refused to assimilate being forced off their territory into reservations.

Kuiju would secretly sign the Niihama Pact with Yamatai in 1937, after Chisei invaded the Yamataian New Territories beginning the Second Escar-Varunan War. In 1938 Kuiju invaded Chisei, and initially saw great success, until the eventual stagnation of the offensive. However, as Chisei appeared to be on its last legs, the Kuijuans turned their sights on Arshavat, which was embroiled in the Endwar against Zusea and the Imperial Compact. In 1939, the Kuijuans invaded Arshavat from the west, while Yamatai invaded from Nanyōkuni to the south. The Kuijuan invasion made rapid progress, but the unexpected May Armistice between Arshavat and Zusea allowed for Arshavat to suddenly turn the tide in the winter of 1940.

other
The Kuijuan Plain was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. In Hua records, all the inhabitants of the region north of the Xizang Plateau were generically known as the Sushen (肅愼), though in reality they constituted a diverse variety of tribes and ethnic groups, from the sedentary or semi-nomadic -speaking peoples on the northern coast, to inland nomads like the Khatai, Tsahars and Aqsart. These disparate groups were rarely united, though in the late 13th century the Tartaric chieftain Ahunag successfully forged a pan-Kuijuan tribal confederation, known as the Grand Ejenate, which by his death in 1347 had become the largest land empire in history, stretching from central Huaxia and Chisei to northern Yavnakhand.

After Ahunag's death the region would once again be divided, with the Shiro-Tsaharic Kangon dynasty ruling in the west, the Hua-Kuijuan Tong dynasty and the Zang Confederacy ruling the southern highlands, the three of Juruhoton, Aisingurun and Uyunjudu on the coast, and the Aqsart Khaganate dominating the east. The collapse of the Kangon in 1428 and the conquest of the Uqsart by the Gorkani Sultanate would eventually break this delicate balance of power, prompting the Tong to make further inroads into the north and clash with the Gorkanis. At the same time, the Kingdom of Inaopira, and later Saramosir, began to dominate the northern cities, establishing trading posts and ports to provide a quicker and safer maritime alternative to the overland route of the Golden Road leading to Amphia. Seeking to check the northward and westward expansion of the Tong and Gorkanis, from 1471 to 1495 Saramosir supported the unification of the coastal states into the Ejenate of Juruhoton.

The Ejenate conquered the Boketu Tsahars in 1501, and soon thereafter began to invade the Tong and Gorkani lands, still with the support of Saramosir. The Tong, eager to consolidate their internal security and exhausted from decades of war in the north, agreed to the Peace of Amacolhon in 1511, securing the southern frontier of the Ejenate and bringing the highlands under their control. The Gorkanis meanwhile would be gradually pushed east over the next century of on-and-off wars. In 1560, Juruhoton conquered the Aso Khanate and expanded into Uraan. In 1563 they invaded the collapsing Kōhō dynasty of Shirakawa, sacking Eito and then later seizing it permanently in 1564, again with the help of a Saramosiri army. However the invasion would ultimately draw them into conflict with Yamatai, which was also invading Shirakawa from the west.

The Juruhoton-Yamataian War was a military disaster for the Ejenate, and the Tsahar rebellions that followed expelled Juruhoton from Uraan entirely. The signing of the peace treaty also resulted in the collapse of the Saramosiri-Ejenate alliance, with Saramosiri instead supporting the remnants of the Shirakawan state against the Yashiman Empire. The Ahunagid Maoyi clan that ruled Juruhoton was subsequently overthrown in 1594 by Aguta, a general of the Ejenate army and a member of the southern Tarhunut clan. Seeking to stave off the collapse that had befallen the Ahunagid Empire, Aguta renamed the Sushen people Kuiju, and declared the Kingdom of Kuiju. The new government was modelled on that of the Tong, and soon after seizing control of the state, Aguta dispatched an embassy to offer tribute to the Tong Emperor.

Notes on Hierarchy force-field tech

 * Radiative Fields - Actually a development of FTL technology. Some type of made-up radiation which is used to create and stabilise wormholes. Already deployed on most FTL-capable ships, it was eventually applied in a defensive role against kinetic projectiles (most ships can in fact still use their FTL drives as emergency defensive emitters, though this is far less efficient than dedicated ones). The fields work by 'nudging' space-time, as opposed to outright tearing a hole in it like for FTL, which dynamically alters the velocity and trajectory of incoming projectiles. How effective this is varies depending on the projectile and the strength of the emitter - the more kinetic energy a projectile has (meaning the faster its going and the heavier it is) the more limited the effect.
 * A K-24 can probably deflect most infantry and anti-tank weapons, will potentially be able to take a couple of tank shells by slowing them enough to deflect off its physical armour, and will be vulnerable to hypervelocity projectiles like railgun slugs.
 * Radiative fields can be overwhelmed - they are power hogs and for smaller vehicles can generally only be operated at full strength through remote power transmission from an external source. Every impact takes energy to deflect, and a sustained or simultaneous bombardment will overwhelm a field. Most ground vehicles can reroute a little bit of onboard power to the emitter if their external source is cut off, but it will likely only provide small-arms level protection.
 * Fields can be configured to let things through (terrain, other vehicles and infantry) but being caught on the edge of a field when it is at full power (i.e being hit by something) is unpleasant because organs do not like being subjected to localised bending of geometry and time dilation.
 * Radiative fields largely only work on kinetic projectiles. DE weapons simply move too fast.
 * The fields themselves are generally invisible, perhaps shimmering softly in dusty conditions, but since projectiles passing through have a ton of their energy converted to heat, they create bursts of plasma upon impact. Projectiles may be vaporised, drop to the ground, deflect entirely or skim along the edge of the field.
 * Fields can be shaped on the fly, ranging from big domes around a vehicle to directional cones.
 * Composite Fields - Advanced radiative fields that essentially have multiple lines of defence, and can be optimised on the fly for different projectiles. They are Slightly better and Slightly more power hoggy.
 * Magneto-Radiative Fields - Same as a regular radiative field except theres also a magnetic component for deflecting particle beams. Again, *doesnt* work on lasers.

Pages to be revamped/rewritten ground up

 * Chiseian Armed Forces
 * Chisei [!!!!!!!!!!!!!]
 * Chiseian Royal Army
 * Chiseian Royal Air Force
 * Chowado
 * Equipment of the Chiseian Royal Army
 * First Escar-Varunan War [!!!!!!!!!!!]

Pages to be expanded/finished

 * Chancellor of Chisei
 * Chiseian calendar [!!!!!]
 * Chiseian Royal Navy
 * Conciliar Government
 * Duu Shuvuu
 * Ever Victorious Army

Stubs

 * Chiseian mon
 * Chiseian national football team [!!!!]
 * Chiseian peaceguard
 * Chiseian school uniform
 * Crown Princess Hinata
 * Crown Princess Utako
 * Eito
 * Federalist Party of Chisei

Pages requiring minor updates

 * Ashiwase people

Sandboxes
User:Rekiin/sandbox1 - Mil Organization

User:Rekiin/sandbox2 - Shirakawan Names

User:Rekiin/sandbox3 - Miria (Alt Idea)

User:Rekiin/sandbox4 - Pulau Todak (Collaborative alt project)

User:Rekiin/sandbox5 - Takeshimist Ideologies

User:Rekiin/sandbox6 - globe portal mirror

User:Rekiin/sandbox7 - Shirakawan Royal Family

User:Rekiin/sandbox8 - yaoyorozuoujidai preservation

User:Rekiin/sandbox9 - Ginban Kai

Jinghua

 * 1819 - Boxer Rebellion/European 1848 type uprising all across the Jingese confederation


 * 1821 - Uprising put down by Chisei and major Chiseian ally in the confederation (as well as anyone else who wants to join I suppose)


 * Inbetween - A bunch of wars between the different states leading to a Prussia-Austria type deal


 * 1874 - Second Nationalist Uprising leads to the unification of Jinghua under the non-Chiseian ally state and the reclamation of the treaty ports

Sarethan

 * 1625 — First Shirakawan Trade Delegation to Sarethan.


 * 1634 — Establishment of first Shirakawan trading post. Subsequent establishments in 1678, 1684 & 1725.


 * 1670s-1710s — Shirkawan colonial factions squabble with each other, leading to enclaves raiding each other and the construction of fortifications and installation of garrisons. Skirmishing is not limited to these outposts either; it spills over into Sarethani territory.


 * 1711 — This prompts the Sarethani navy to finally take action and one of the outposts is taken by siege (another is unsuccessfully attacked). This leads to something of a freeze in relations, though both governments are eager to assert control over private Shirkawan parties.


 * 1725 — Establishment of the formal trade relations, and charters set down for all trade enclaves. Sarethan’s would have allowed no military vessels, specific regulations on fortification establishment, limitations of garrison size and things like cannons. The supremacy of Sarethani law is also recognised, as is the status of the outposts as autonomous enclaves within legal Sarethani territory. Finally, there are limitations on trade practices, and an annual financial levy. In turn Sarethan grants Shirakawan merchants some exclusive trade and export rights, special status to citizens, the duty free import of military and industrial equipment, and promises to protect all enclaves.


 * 1803 — Start of Succession Conflicts & General instability.


 * 1819 — Sarethani Monarch, seeking to raise revenue, doubles financial levies of Shirakawan outpost. Complaints are ignored.

"As for the war itself,
 * Shira consider itself strong enough and Sarethan weak enough to start reversing some of this shit
 * issues a list of demands to the current (weak) monarch; these are rejected, however the wars have meant that Sarethan's navy has rotted, as has its unity
 * Shira decided to support a pretender (one of several) to the throne, in exchange the pretender will support Shirkawa's interests
 * Things go to plan initially, with Shirakawan support (mercs?) the pretender defeats the current monarch. However, he reneges on his promises.
 * Shira declares war as a result.

- Initial campaign seems like it would go fairly smoothly. Shira has a growing industrial revolution advantage, but this is also a somewhat similar concept to the 4th Crusade. So the pretender largely can't prevent naval superiority by your nation, nor the landing of mercs and naval marines. A brief fight at the capital occurs before it is taken, and Shirakawa writes a new treaty and puts a new pretender on the throne (maybe executing the other in brutal fashion). This treaty is insanely pro-Shirakawan - in part because the campaign was so easy. Whole affair could take 9 months, and thats largely just the transportation of forces -- actual fighting is a few weeks since opposition collapses. Shirakawan marines leave, and largely use mercs and naval forces.

- However, since this is not the only pretender, Sarethani disunity means that simply taking the capital turns out not to be enough. Several capitalise on the national humiliation and foreign imposition. Many rally around the nascent national identity and use that to declare that they would reverse all this etc. This leads to a 6 year long campaign to hunt them down, which proves more difficult. largely done with mercs and local proxies, such as tribes. However, while some of the pretenders are caught, their ideas to have popularity.

- In the 1872, the Shirakawan puppet is overthrown and mercs are kicked out. Some of the enclaves are besieged, which again puts Shrikawan citizens in danger. Your navy deploys in force. Facing the threat of a real Shirakawan-Sarethani war, the new king backs down and agrees to less strenuous terms, which are still seen as a humiliation but grudgingly accepted. This allows the Sarethanis to focus on internal issues and development. However the nation now nurses a stronger grievance, which will come to the fore in the 1890s++ SzkinLast Tuesday at 23:38 I'd personally prefer having it in the 50s at the latest personally ValaranLast Tuesday at 23:39 1858? SzkinLast Tuesday at 23:39 sure that sounds aright ValaranLast Tuesday at 23:41 1872 can probably left the same in that case :)"

Shun 春 Dynasty
Torashi 虎子 Taiso 太祖 1594 - 1602

Ninsō 仁宗 1602 - 1624

Seisō 世宗 1624 - 1633

Jinzo 仁祖 1633 - 1636

Kansō 神宗 1636 - 1677

Gokuso 国祖 1677 - 1702

Keizo 恵祖 1702 - 1741

Busō 武宗 1741 - 1748

Kōsō 孝宗 1748 - 1760

Sensō 宣宗 1760 - 1793

Shōshi 彰子 Kenzo 憲祖 1793 - 1805

Onshi 穏子 Kisō 熙宗 1805 - 1881

Shiraka 白髪 Seisō 世宗 1881 - 1920

Kaoruko 草子 Teibo 貞媽 1920 - 1962

Suzumeko 雀子 Isō 懿宗 1962 - 1989

Tenkahiko 天夏彦 1989 - present

nengō
大幣 Taihei (Taihei revolution) 昌慶 Shokyō (Shokyō reforms)

sexagenary names
甲申 Kōshin (Kōshin democracy, 1824 - from first draft of the Grand Law)

Subs

 * 42x Redoutable-class subs (31 sunk during the war)
 * 8x Surcouf submarines (6 sunk, 1 scuttled, 1 survived into postwar and is now a museum ship.
 * 21x Minerve-class submarines (12 in service in 1937. 8 sunk during the war. One sunk a battleship maybe. Remained in service postwar.)
 * 30x Aurore-class subs (entered service 1939 after war begun. 15 sunk during the war, rest served into the '60s)

Southern Fleet

 * 21x Redoutable-class subs (15 sunk during the war)

Shirakawan vocab
Tons of ainu loans for toponyms, natural phenomena, animals. A few mongol and manchu loans for exotic animals.

Like other Yashimic languages

Question Words
Shirakawan / Yashiman Anglian
 * Ikuru / Ikutsu "How Much"
 * Iri / Itsu "When"
 * Jiru / Dore "Which"
 * Dā / Dare "Who"
 * Ani / Nani "What"
 * Aze / dōshite "Why"
 * Ande / nande "Why"
 * Māru / doko "Where"

Honorifics

 * shi (氏) - most common honorific suffix, usually equivalent to san.
 * ji (士) - A qualified person; a scholar. Used generally as a more respectful form of -shi for people of authority, such as teachers, officials etc.
 * kimi / gimi (君) - much more formal than -shi, used like -sama for a social superior (aristocracy, etc) or for gods.
 * chimi - Extremely informal/childish, or mocking in some contexts. Similar to -chan.
 * chimin
 * wo - An honorific prefix; usually used with titles.
 * tono / dono - Very formal honorific; used heavily in the military for superiors. It can also be used between professional equals - legislators usually refer to eachother as -dono or -ji.

Toponyms

 * kimu - yama (mountain) kim
 * yama - hara (field)
 * nai - tani (valley) nay
 * tan - ba (place) kotan/i
 * mori - oka (hill)
 * wokachi - toride (fortress/fortified settlement)
 * chashi - shiro (castle) casi
 * shiru - mine (peak/ridge), yama (mountain, specifically on an island), kuni (land) sir
 * nitai - mori (forest) nitay
 * so - taki (waterfall) so
 * yaku - riku (land, shore)
 * bakara - hakachi (cemetery)
 * shusu - Yanagi (willow) susu
 * yachi - sawa (marsh) yaci

Adjectives

 * hara - hiro (wide) para
 * hene - kusa (rotten, wet, swampy) pene
 * uro - aka (red) hure
 * kuna - kuro (black) kunne
 * woro - furu (old)

People

 * keyagu - tomodachi (friend)
 * huchi - uba (old woman) huci
 * noko - onna (woman) menoko
 * kuru - hito (person) kur
 * bataru - bushi(equiv.) (hero/warrior) bagatur
 * kurawu - kai (a meeting, for business or military matters) khural
 * woika - otoko (man)

Seasons & Weather

 * mata - fuyu (winter) mata
 * saku - natsu (summer) sak
 * ato - ame (rain) apto
 * narukamu - kaminari (thunder, lightning bolt)
 * wuhashi - yuki (snow) ubas

Animals

 * seta - inu (dog) seta
 * tukoro - azarashi (seal) tukar
 * womma - uma (horse)
 * yuku - shika (deer) yuk
 * isa - kujira (whale)
 * tachu - tsuru (crane)
 * beko - ushi (ox, cattle) peko
 * ponbaki - ebi (shrimp/prawn)
 * iyo, na - uo, sakana (fish)
 * woa - kaeru (frog) oa
 * wokomu - iruka (dolphin)
 * saro - saru (monkey)
 * yamaa - yagi (goat) yamaa
 * kakai - buta (pig) gakhai
 * sebo - usagi (rabbit)
 * yerumi - nezumi (rat, mouse) erum
 * chika - tori (bird) cikap
 * humu - kujira (whale) humpe

Misc.

 * toba - mure (herd) topa
 * munu - kusa (grass)
 * toruki - tsurugi (sword)
 * ai - ya (arrow) ay
 * karushi - kinoko (mushroom)
 * kami - niku (meat)
 * ku - yumi (bow) ku
 * hasui - hashi (chopsticks)
 * pukusa - chisei negi (chiseian onion)
 * duuga - kabuto (helmet) duulga
 * togu - hata (flag) tug
 * yazu - yari (spear) yad
 * nuchi - inochi (life)
 * wozoi - kowai (scary)

Directions

 * kuchi - higashi/azuma (east)
 * iri - nishi (west)
 * hai - minami (south)
 * nishi - kita (north)

Zusian loanwords

 * taichai - Zusea
 * burotu - bread
 * meshiyen - Messianist

Shirakawan names
The majority of the most common names are single-character; two-character names are typically either toponymic, ancestral (derived from a courtesy name) or related to occupation. Family names usually use on'yomi readings, particularly go'on, but kun and other on readings are occasionally used. First names usually use kun readings, and are commonly two characters, though one and three are also relatively common.

Surnames are only a *legal* requirement in Shirakawa and Geusyo - 21% of Kitahashinese do not have one, and in Uraan and Saramosir having a surname is explicitly aristocratic (many Shirakawan families in these states lack family names too). In southern Shirakawa and Geusyo, clan names are very common - they are used to distinguish between families using the same surname.

Women keep their surnames after marriage; Children take the father's surname usually, but may take the mother's if only one parent has a surname. Some yam common names (Satou) are also common. Many are written with different characters, or written the same but read differently.

Personal names
Most personal names use kun readings.

女 (me) is a common name ending for girls. 子 and 古 (ko) are common name endings for boys. Hiko and Hime are the upper class versions. 丸 is another common masc suffix historically, but is out of use (very stereotypically peasant-ey). Feminine names frequently use characters referring to flowers, fragrances, beauty etc, while male names use ones relating to animals, strength, etc.

Two practices of naming among the upper classes are keiji ("lineage character", 系字) and tsūji ("common character", 通字). Keiji shared by sons of the same father, tsūji between generations. Generation poems are also popular as a means of naming kids.


 * 馬女 Umame
 * 王女 Kimime
 * 芳女 Hame

Surnames
In Shirakawa (including Eito), the Top 10 are (by pronounciation) Shō (匠, 关, 庄, 钟, 䔥, 星 - 15%), Kon (金 - 12%), Tan (唐 - 11), Tō (唐/鄧 - 9%), Me (馬 - 8%), Hyō (包/馮 - 7.5%), Gan (汗 - 7%), Wō (王 - 6.5%), Son (宋 - 5%) and Mō (毛 - 4%).

In Geusyo, Kwa (華 - 21%), Wa (王 - 15%), Mau (毛 - 9.5%), Tan (唐 - 8.5%), Ma (馬 - 8%) Ha (包 - 7.5%), Ja (張 - 7%), Bu (馮 - 6.5%), Gyu (牛 - 6%) and U (熊 - 2%). Surnames are much less diverse in Geusyo overall, with many representing large clans; Shirakawan names are comparatively more fragmented.

Though single character names are predominant overall, two-character names are very common in some regions, particularly in the north. Many Yamataian/Hinoan/Kitahashinese surnames are found in the north and west of the country. Many Seimin historically dropped characters or changed readings to avoid discrimination.

(Y) indicates typically Yamataian/Western readings.


 * 和 Wa, Wo
 * 妊 Nin
 * 史 Shi
 * 籍 Jaku
 * 毛 Mō
 * 倉 Sō
 * 包 Hō, Hyō (Geusyoan - Ha)
 * 養老 Yōrō
 * 治安 Jian, Chian
 * 金 Kon
 * 甲 Kyō (Geusyoan - Kya)
 * 西丘 Saiku, Irimori, Nishioka(Y)
 * 山本 Sanhon, Kimumoto, Shirumoto, Yamamoto(Y)
 * 馬場 Baba
 * 座風 Zakaza, Zahū, Kurakaza
 * 司徒 Shizu
 * 佐藤 Satō
 * 司士 Shiji
 * 屠 Do
 * 卜 Hoku
 * 陶 Dō, Yō
 * 匠 Zō, Shō, Takumi
 * 欧 U
 * 关 Shō
 * 詹 Tan
 * 庄 Shō, Sō (Geusyoan - Syo, So)
 * 伍 Go
 * 温 Won, Un
 * 莫 Bo, Baku, Mo, Maku
 * 赖 Rai
 * 黎 Rai, Rei, Ri
 * 江 Kō, Gō
 * 邱 Kyū, Ku
 * 陸 Roku
 * 廖 Ryō
 * 钟 Shō, Shu
 * 儀間 Gikan, Giken
 * 蘇 Su, So
 * 伊集 Ijū, Ishū
 * 杜 Zu, To
 * 余 Yo
 * 田 Den, Ten
 * 潘 Han
 * 蔡 Sai
 * 圭 Kwe, Kwei
 * 䔥 Shō, Yomogi
 * 華 Kwa
 * 彭 Hō
 * 曾 Zo, So
 * 曹 Zō, Sō
 * 馮 Hyō, Hō, Byō, Bū (Geusyoan - Bu)
 * 唐 Tan, Tō
 * 貴 Kwi
 * 陳 Jin, Chin
 * 王 Wō
 * 李 Ri, Sumomo
 * 張 Chō
 * 劉 Ru, Ryū
 * 楊 Yō, Shusu, Yanagi(Y)
 * 黄 Wō
 * 吴 Go
 * 劉 Ru
 * 張 Chō
 * 陳 Jin
 * 徐 Jo
 * 孫 Son
 * 朱 Su
 * 何 Ga
 * 林 Rin, Hayashi
 * 高 Kō, Takasa
 * 鄭 Jō
 * 梁 Rō, Ryō
 * 宋 So, Son
 * 鄧 Tō
 * 韓 Gan
 * 馮 Byō, Bū, Bu
 * 藤 Dō
 * 平 Hei, Hin, Byō, Taira
 * 花 Kwa, Hana
 * 皇 Wō
 * 啼 Dai
 * 桓 Gan
 * 惠 We, Kwei
 * 敬 Kyō, Kei
 * 靖 Jō
 * 沖野 Jūya, Wokino
 * 穆 Moku
 * 寧 Nyō, Nei
 * 慶 Kyō, Kei
 * 神 Jin, Shin, Kan, Kamu
 * 桐 Zū, Kiri
 * 薔 Sō, Zō
 * 肅 Suku, Shuku
 * 熙 Ki
 * 汗 Gan, Kan
 * 馬 Me, Ma, Ba, Uma (very northern/Uraani border)
 * 牛 Gu, Gyū
 * 熊 U, Yū
 * 蛇 Ja, Ta
 * 中 Chū, Jū, Naka
 * 星 Shō, Hoshi
 * 特 Doku
 * 安 An
 * 風 Fu, Fū, Kaze, Kaza
 * 雷 Rai, Azuma
 * 由 Yu, Yū, Yui, Yoshi
 * 閉 Hai, Hei
 * 智 Chi
 * 學 Gaku, Ga
 * 霍 Kaku, Niwaka
 * 辛 Shin
 * 百里 Hakuri
 * 東郭 Tsūkwaku
 * 東閣 Tsūkaku
 * 東門 Tsūmon, Tsūbon
 * 南宮 Namuku
 * 司馬 Shima, Shiuma, Shiba
 * 西門 Saimon, Irikado, Nishikado
 * 祁 Gi
 * 艾 Gai, Yomogi
 * 古 Ku
 * 桐原 Zūgon, Zūgwan, Hisawara, Hisahara
 * 牧野 Makino (very northern)
 * 橋 Gyō, Hashi (Geusyoan - Geu)
 * 行 Gyō

Royal names
Chiseian royal names are typically two-three characters; they almost invariably end in -hime or -hiko (more recently, sometimes just -me or -ko) and are always kun readings. It is a tradition to name royal children after the season in which they were born.


 * Amenatsuhiko 天夏彦
 * Shirofuyuhime 白冬姫
 * Utanatsuhime 歌夏姫
 * Suzuhime 鈴姫
 * Takahiko 鷹彦

Posthumous names are two characters (what historians usually refer to the monarch by), the place of burial, and the characters for Grand King. The current system developed under the Kazahara. Older dynasties had different practices - the Gejo prefixed all names with the character for filial, while the Kyofu had qing-style 20+ character names. The burial place is often ommitted for recent monarchs since all are now buried at the Sebotan Royal Cemetary.


 * Tenshō-Sebotan-Taiwō 天勝兎場大王 (posthumous name of Grand Queen Tenshō, or Suzuhime).
 * Meiwa-Sebotan-Taiwō 明和兎場大王 (posthumous name of Grand Queen Meiwa, or Shirofuyuhime).

Courtesy names
(表字 Hyōji) are still widely used. Used by strangers/peers/people of the same generation, while the given name is reserved for elders and close family/friends (as with given name taboo in Yamatai). Historically it would be given by parents or a tutor after their coming of age ceremony; today, the registration of courtesy names is a legal process that is part of high school graduation. Courtesy names are included alongside given names on state documentation.

The hyōji usually consists of two characters, and is often based on the meaning of the given name. It is also common to construct a courtesy name by using as the first character one which expresses the bearer's birth order among siblings of the same gender in their family.