M1090 Kodiak Armored Fighting Vehicle (FRAUT)

The M1090 Kodiak is a FRAUT, platform designed by Federal Defence. The vehicle was designed beginning in 1999, and entered service the the Federal Republic Land Force Command in 2004. Production of the M1090 family entered full rate in 2006 and 2,500 infantry fighting vehicles and 3,000 Armored Personnel Carriers have been produced. The vehicle has not seen any conflicts yet.

History
Prior to the early 1980s, the Land Force Command rarely used armored fighting vehicles designed specifically to carry infantry. Most were lightly armored, tracked armored personnel carriers with machine guns for local defense only. By 1989, the Command Administration Group wanted a new, high speed infantry fighting vehicle with auto-cannon level protection capable of highway speed. Because tracked vehicles are maintenance intensive, it was determined that both wheeled and tracked IFVs would be used. Although a wheeled IFV or APC would be less maneuverable offload, it was determined that a 6 or 8 wheel drive vehicle would be sufficient to overcome these limitations.

In 1998, Federal Defence was awarded an initial design contract to design a medium armored AFV platform consisting of an IFV, APC, and ambulance variant. In 1999, a prototype IFV was announced with a 30mm auto cannon and coaxial machine gun, and designated the Kodiak. The APC Badger variant was introduced in 2000. Following testing, both vehicles were approved for production. By 2001, first rate production had begun, and full rate production began in 2004. 2,500 IFV variants have been produced to date, and 4,000 APC variants have been made.

Design
The first Kodiak was designed as a medium weight protected vehicle capable of carrying an entire infantry section. So, the hull was lengthened from a 6 wheel drive to 8 wheel drive design. While the M1090 family is not a modular design, it is based on a common chassis and body for ease of manufacture. Because of the wheeled design, the IFV was only equipped with the lighter 30mm autocannon for mobility and turret size.

The M1090 Kodiak IFV uses the M30A3 Auto cannon, which is mated to a third generation Fire Control System with thermal imaging. The medium caliber auto cannon is effective against most medium armored targets.

Because other variants were required, a ground ambulance and armored personnel carrier was also created.

Gun
The M1090 Kodiak is equipped with the M3090 autocannon. This cannon is mated to a fully stabilized, third generation fire control system allowing for 3,900m day and 2,800m night engagement ability. The M3090 fires the following ammunition:
 * M30S21 Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot, Tungsten Core (FSDS)
 * M30H542 High Explosive, Dual Purpose, Cannon (HEDPC)

The M1092 Badger is equipped with the M954 Remote Weapon Station, which is a fully stabilized and electronically controlled 20mm auto cannon. The M964 fires a variety of ammunition, but usually fires a mixed belt for multipurpose use. It can fire the following ammunition:
 * M20HATA1 High Explosive, Anti-Tank (H/AT)
 * M20HESS High Explosive, Incendiary Tracer, Super Shot (HEI-T/SS)
 * M20ATSS Anti-Tank, Solid Shot, Tracer (AT/SS)

Protection
The M1090 family is equipped with a composite and spaced armor package. All variants have spaced and composite armor, and the M1090A1 is fitted with applique armor.

Mobility
The M1090 family shares the common FD 5008V4 V8 Turbo Diesel Engine. The Eight cylinder engine has a single twin scroll turbocharger, which are electronically controlled. The engine is rated at 500Hp. The engine is mated to a 8 speed transmission, with six forward gears. One unique feature of the M1090 family is the introduction of pivot steer. While wheeled vehicles normally cannot steer on spot, the M1090 can use a dynamic differential locking system to allow for a very tight turning radius.

The M1090 has four differentials with electronic locking capability. All four differentials can lock to support offroad movement. The vehicle also has several deep cycle batteries to allow for systems to function for over 10 hours before requiring the engine to be switched on.

Electronics
The M1090 IFV uses an advanced fire control system. The M1092 is also fitted with a remote fire control system. This allows for battlefield networking, fire control, and reconnaissance and surveillance functions.

Variants
The M1090 family has several versions, the M1090 IFV, M1092 APC, M1093 Ambulance, and upgraded M1090A1 IFV.

M1090 Kodiak IFV
The M1090 Kodiak IFV was officially introduced in 2004 as the first version of the M1090 family. The Kodiak is the name given to the Infantry Fighting Vehicle variant only. The M1090 has the 30mm auto cannon fitted, and has the full protection and capability of the vehicle. It can accommodate a full infantry section of 9 soldiers. The M1090 has a crew of 3 soldiers, a driver, gunner, and commander. It is also armred with the M450 12.7mm Coaxial machine gun, as the full family of FRAUT vehicles do. The intial M1090 variant did not have a flexible mount for a gunner or commander's weapon.

M1090A1 Kodiak IFV
AIn 2010, it was determined that the Kodiak IFV needed more firepower, and protection for urban operations. In 2011, Federal Defence was awarded the contract for an A1 modification of the vehicle, with new sights, fire control, turret control, and armor. The major modifications of the M1090A1 include an M450 Crew Served Weapon for the gunner or commander on flexible mount, and applique armor panels. The new composite spaced panels provide additional protection to the front of the vehicle. The vehicle can also be painted with the IR low signature and chemical agent protective digital camouflage pattern, known as the adaptive woodland camouflage pattern (AWCP). Also, for kit storage a modified turret basket is fitted.

M1092 Badger APC
Developed in line with the Kodiak, the Badger is the APC version capable of transporting a greater number of soldiers. Because of the removal of a turret, there is much greater interior space. For local defense, a 20mm auto cannon is fitted, which allows effective engagement to 2,000m and doesn't impact the cargo space of the vehicle. The M1092 is capable of transporting 18 soldiers, twice that of the M1090. Because of the large, open interior, the seats can fold for cargo transport, medical evacuation, or command roles. The M1092 has a crew of 2 soldiers, a driver and gunner/commander. A third observer position is available next to the commander, however this role has no specific duties and is crewed only when other personnel are on board.

M1093 Grizzly Medical Evacuation Vehicle
Based off the M1092 design, the M1093 Grizzly Medical Evacuation Vehicle (MEDEVAC) features a modified hull for medical operations. The roof is raised to 3.2 overall height, to allow casualty loading and for medical personnel to efficiently stabilize casualties. Besides a revised hull, the vehicle features several specific modifications. As a medical evacuation vehicle, the primary responsibility is not to provide treatment, but to quickly move casualties when air evacuation is impossible. So, the M1093 has an advanced hydro-pneumatic suspension system, which is electronically controlled. The vehicle actively reads the terrain over 1000 times per second, and adjusts the suspension to keep the vehicle as flat and stable as possible. Also, an advanced air filtration system is fitted in line with the chemical, biological and radiological protection system. The vehicle is also fitted with advanced internal CBRN sensors to ensure the interior doens't become contaminated during operations.

M1200 Bison Armored Recovery Vehicle
To support the family of the Kodiak Armed Fighting Vehicles, the M1200 Bison was developed as a purpose built armored recovery vehicle. The hull is similar to the M1092 Badger APC, but without top rear hatches and a re-configured passenger compartment. Instead of the normal seating for 18 soldiers, all rear seats are removed and a small mobile workshop is fitted with tool cabinets, and parts storage. The vehicle only has a crew of two, a mechanic/driver and mechanic/commander. The top has a powerful 30t crane, used to move major components of the vehicle, such as when performing an engine swap. The top also has additional storage bins for recovery equipment. The side has two large a frames for towing other disabled vehicles. The front of the Bison has a flat dozer blade, used for digging entrenchments, but primarily for acting as an outrigger when using the crane. The vehicle only has minimal armament- it features the M84A1 12.7mm machinegun on a flexible mount for the commander.