Aláranid language

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Aláranid / Ordialid
Pronunciation[alaɾanid̪ / oɾd̪ialid̪]
Spoken inGran Altiplano, Nerotysia, Mingdai, Meriad, Daeseong?
Native speakers? million (2016)
Language family
Rikati
  • Riadálu
    • Aláranid / Ordialid
Writing systemAláranid alphabet / Latin alphabet
Official status
Official language in Gran Altiplano
Language codes
ISO 639-1or
ISO 639-2ord
ISO 639-3ord

Ordialid, literally meaning "[language] of Ordis", is a constructed language created by Altiplanero linguists Rilýarik Kastelán and Kavylen ri Vesatelu in 1933.

History

Phonology

Consonants

Ordialid has sixteen consonants, each with their own character.

Labial Labial-
Dental
Dental Alveolar Palatal-
alveolar
Velar
Stops voiceless p t̪ [t] k
voiced β [b] d̪ [d] ɣ [g]
Fricatives voiceless f* s x*
voiced v
Affricates ts [z] tʃ [q] ks [x]
Nasals m n
Flap ɾ [r]
Approximant l
  • /f/ and /x/ are treated as allophones of the same phoneme.

Vowels

Ordialid has six vowels and one diphthong.

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ [w] u
Mid e o
Open a
Diphthongs aɪ [y]

Phonotactics

  • Possible syllabic combinations are as follows: V, VC[C], [C]CV, CVC, CVCC, CCVC
  • In the CCV[C] case, only certain combinations are legal:
    • sk, bl, sl, kl, pl, sp, br, sr, dr, fr, gr, kr, pr, tr, st, th
    • (Stop followed by approximant or flap; [s] followed by a stop, approximant, or flap)
  • In the [C]VCC case, only certain combinations are legal:
    • sk, st, lb, ls, ld, lf, lk, lm, ln, lp, lq, lt, lv, lz, rs, rd, rk, rl, rm, rn, rp, rt, rz, ts
    • (L can be followed by anything save [r], [g], [x]; r by s, d, k, l, m, n, p, t, z, or s; s by k, n, or t; t by s)

Grammar

Sentence structure

Nouns

Most nouns are identified by the suffixes “-ad” and “-en”, which are the root state. There are irregulars as well; these follow slightly different rules. All nouns are made plural by adding “-i” onto the end, to result in “-adi” or “-eni”. Although the endings technically correspond to masculine and feminine grammatical genders respectively, this is largely a vestigial construction that has no bearing on agreement with other parts of speech save pronouns. Compounds are fomed with a modifier-first, head final order. Finding these is infrequent; however they still exist and constitute another use of the ['] in words, for example “lýxir’vylazárad” from “vylazarad lyxirid”.

Noun “casts”: Beyond the basic endings of “-ad/en”, there are multiple “casts” or alternate endings to nouns that denote an additional layer of meaning on top of the basic definition.

  • Incarnational cast (-álad/árad/álen/áren): Indicates a measure of something or an iconic form of a more abstract concept. See “askenarad” (dawn) from “askenad” (ascent); “iradialad” (radiant, path) from “iradiad” (path, trajectory); “katarad” (measurement) from “katad” (amount); “nimarad” (civilisation) from “nimad” (person).
  • Diminutive cast (-ísad/ísen): Indicates an smaller or more limited version of the noun in question. See “marenisad” (shuttle, dinghy) from “maren” (boat); “nokonisad” (remnant) from “nokonad” (part).
  • Iterative cast (-ákad/áken): Indicates a repetition of the original noun or an ongoing process. Inherently linear in nature. Not to be confused with “-áken as a suffix denoting “first”. See “utakad” (melody) from “utad” (pitch, note); “ariakad” (employment) from “ariad” (task); “kwvenegaken” (storm) from “kwvenegen” (cloud).
  • Constructional cast (-ázad/ázen): Indicates a complex or system built upon the original noun in question. See “rigazad” (star-system) from “rigad” (star); “vystazad” (view, defined vision) from “vystad” (seeing), "ekylazen" (education) from "ekylen" (mastery, expertise).

Verbs

Aláranid is an agglutinative language; both prefixes and suffixes are used. Prefixes indicate the tense, of which there are five. Suffixes indicate personal endings.

Prefixes Suffixes
Present indicative 1st person (singular) í
Present subjunctive én 1st person (plural) ít
Future ín 2nd person (singular) ú
Past preterite án 2nd person (plural) út
Past imperfect aín 3rd person (singular) á
Past subjunctive eín 3rd person (plural) át

To create the progressive form of any tense, simply append the suffix “-ind” or, after “í" or "á", "-nind". To negate or invert the meaning of a verb, add (after the tense prefix) the prefix “ni-“ in present indicative or "‘i-" for any other tense. To create an imperative form, use the second-person singular in future tense. For example, given the verb kisamir or "to think":

  • "I think" becomes kisamí;
  • "You (pl.) may have thought" becomes eínkisamút;
  • and "They will not believe" becomes ín'ikisamát.

Adjectives

Adjectives are formed from associated nouns by way of converting the “-ad” or “-en” to “-id”. In cases where the letter before “-ad” is an “-e” or “-i”, the suffix becomes “-alid” instead. This can occasionally result in situations where the modified version is identical to the normal adjective form of a different noun. Here, contextual clues are relied upon to discern between the two. Also, as with verbs, adjectives can be modified with the prefix “ni-“ to invert their meaning (i.e. “esténid” or “hopeful” to “niesténid” or “hopeless”). The number (singular or plural) must also agree with the noun and verb, and in the case of a plural adjective, the suffix “-idni” is used.

Pronouns

There are object pronoun prefixes appended to verbs and prepositions. These are as follows:

Singular Plural
First person iz / is it / is
Second person us / ut us / ut
Third person el / e el / e

Consequently, using the verb "to tell" (setarir) to say "I tell you" in present tense would yield us'etarí. Similarly, saying "I saw a mountain in front of me" would be izmenál síren ánlaní.

Example Vocabulary / Pronunciation Aid

Letter Example word English equivalent Letter Example word English equivalent
e elsierad (horizon) stay b bérimen (desert) Spanish vaso
v vystazad (view) verdant a anelykad (nation) bastion (UK)
s sakad (year) serene m misirad (unity) mango
u utakad (song) pool r reganad (ship) Spanish para
i íspalad (energy) need k katalad (word) capital
l legerad (history) Spanish caleta z alezir (to fly) pilots
o ordenad (stability) cordon g gendarad (dignity) Spanish agave
x askyxad (wasp) taxi y yá (yes) high
w kwvénegen (cloud) Russian был q áqin (five) chart
t te (no) Between attempt and other p píravad (truth) pilgrim
d deskenarad (sunset) Between admit and that n nimad (person) narrative
h/f heratad (home) Between offer and ahoy